Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act of 1930 & the Great Depression

The Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act of 1930 was an act signed into law on June 17, 1930, that raised U.S. tariffs on over 20,000 imported goods to record levels. The ensuing retaliatory tariffs by U.S. trading partners reduced American exports and imports by more than half and according to some views may have contributed to the severity of the Great Depression.

The stock market topped in 1929 and fell 45 percent in just three months. Then, it had a sharp correction, recovering 47 percent from the November ‘29 low.

In June 1930, two U.S. Congressmen, Smoot and Hawley, championed a bill to slap a tariff on virtually every foreign good. And that was the catalyst for the second leg down ... a massive plunge in the stock market and arguably the catalyst for the Great Depression.

The problem with tariffs is that they tend to bring about retaliation. And that's exactly what happened. It brought global trade to a standstill.